Tech Papers

Abichou, T., Benson, C.H., and Edil, T.B. (2002). Foundry green sands as hydraulic barriers: field study. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 128, No. 3, 206-215.

Albrecht, B.A., and Benson, C.H. (2001). Effect of desiccation on compacted natural clays. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 127, No. 1, 67-75.

Allerton, D. K., Desborough, G. A., Olsen, H. W., and Chang, N. Y. (1996). Waste containment barrier enhancement with zeolite. Tailings and Mine Waste '96, Balkema Publ., Rotterdam , The Netherlands , 255-264.

Alther, G. R., Evans, J. C., Fang, H. Y. and Witmer, K. A., "Inorganic Permeant Effects Upon Bentonite," Hydraulic Barriers in Soil and Rock, ASTM STP 874, 1984, pp. 64-74.

Bartelt-Hunt, S.L., Smith, J.A., Burns, S.E., and Rabideau, A.J. (2005). Evaluation of granular activated carbon, shale, and two organoclays for use as sorptive amendments in clay landfill liners. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 131, No. 7, 848-856.

Barvenik, M.J. and Ayres, J.E. (1987). Construction quality control and post-construction performance verification for the Gilson Road Hazardous Waste Site cutoff wall. EPA/600/2-87/065, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati , OH.

Benson, C.H., Daniel, D.E., and Boutwell, G.P. (1999). Field performance of compacted clay liners. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 125, No. 5, 390-403.

Boardman, B.T. and Daniel, D.E. (1996). Hydraulic conductivity of desiccated geosynthetic clay liners. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 122, No. 3, 204-208.

Britton, J.P., Filz, G.M., and Herring, W.E. (2004). Measuring the hydraulic conductivity of soil-bentonite backfill. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 130, No. 12, 1250-1258.

Britton, J.P., Filz, G.M., and Little, J.C. (2005). The effect of variability in hydraulic conductivity on contaminant transport through soil-bentonite cutoff walls. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 131, No. 8, 951-957.

Choi, H. and Daniel, D.E. (2006). Slug test analysis in vertical cutoff walls II: Applications. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 132, No. 4, 439-447.

Daniel, D.E. (1984). Predicting hydraulic conductivity of clay liners. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 110, No. 2, 285-300.

Daniels, J.L., Inyang, H.I., and Chien, C.C. (2004). Verification of contaminant sorption by soil-bentonite barrier materials using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol. 130, No. 8, 910-917.

Evans, J.C. (1993). Vertical cutoff walls. Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal. D.E. Daniel, ed., Chapman and Hall, London.

Evans, J. C. (1994). Hydraulic conductivity of vertical cutoff walls. Hydraulic Conductivity and Waste Contaminant Transport in Soils, ASTM STP 1142 , D. E. Daniel and S. J. Trautwein, eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 79-94.

Evans, J.C. (1995). Soil- and cement-based vertical barriers with focus on materials. Assessment of Barrier Containment Technologies – A Comprehensive Treatment for Environmental Applications. R. Rumer and J. Mitchell, eds., U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Dupont Company, Baltimore, 5-43.

Evans, J.C. (2007). The TRD method: slag-cement materials for in situ mixed vertical barriers. ASCE Specialty Conference: New Peaks in Geotechnics, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication, in press.

Evans, J. C. and Dawson. A. R., “Slurry Walls for the Control of Contaminant Migration: A Comparison of United Kingdom and United States Practices,” ASCE Specialty Conference on Geo-Engineering for Underground Facilities, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 90, June, 1999.

Evans, J.C. and Ryan, C.R. (2005). Time-dependent strength behavior of soil-bentonite slurry wall backfill. Waste Containment and Remediation: Proceedings of the Geo-Frontiers 2005 Congress, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 142.

Evans, J. C. and Opdyke, S. M., “Strength, Permeability, and Compatibility of Slag-Cement-Bentonite Slurry Wall Mixtures for Constructing Vertical Barriers,” Proceedings of the 5 th International Conference on Environmental Geotechnics, Cardiff, Wales, June, 2006.

Evans, J.C. and Prince, M.J. (1997). Additive effectiveness in minerally-enhanced slurry walls. In Situ Remediation of the Geoenvironment, J.C. Evans, ed., ASCE, Reston, VA, 181-196.

Evans, J.C. Costa, M. and Cooley, B. (1995). The state of stress in soil-bentonite slurry trench cutoff walls. ASCE Specialty Conference on Characterization, Containment, Remediation and Performance in Environmental Geotechnics, The Geoenvironment 2000, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 46.

Evans, J. C., Adams, T. L. and Prince. M. J. (1997). Metals Attenuation in Minerally Enhanced Slurry Walls," Proceedings of the 1997 International Containment Technology Conference, February, 1997.

Evans, J.C., Adams , T.L., and Dudiak, K.A. (1995). Enhanced slurry walls as treatment zones for inorganic contaminants. Toxic and Hazardous Wastes: Proceedings of the Twenty Seventh Mid-Atlantic Industrial Waste Conference, Lehigh University, Technomic Publishing Co., Lancaster, PA, 712-721.

Evans, J. C., and Prince, M. J., "Low Permeability Vertical Barriers for Combined Isolation and Treatment," Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Environmental Geotechnology, Boston , MA , August, 1998.

Evans, J.C., Kugelman, I.J., and Fang, H.Y. (1985). Organic fluid effects on the strength, deformation, and permeability of soil-bentonite slurry walls. Proceedings of the Seventeenth Mid-Atlantic Industrial Waste Conference, Lehigh University, Technomic Publishing Co., Bethlehem, PA, 275-291.

Evans, J. C., Lennon, G. P., and Witmer, K. A., "Analysis of Soil-Bentonite Backfill Placement in Slurry Walls," Proceedings of the 6th National Conference on the Management of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites, Washington, D. C., November, 1985, pp. 357-361.

Evans, J. C., Stahl, E. D. and Droof, E., "Plastic Concrete Cutoff Walls," Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal '87, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 13, June, 1987, pp. 462-472.

Evans, J.C., Trast, J.M. and Frank, R.L. (2004). Lessons learned from the Macon County slurry wall. Proceedings: Fifth International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, NY, NY, April 13-17.

Filz, G.M., Baxter, D.Y., Bentler, D.J., and Davidson, R.R. (1999). Ground deformations adjacent to a soil-bentonite cutoff wall. Proc., Geo-Engineering for Underground Facilities, Geotechnical Special Publication No. 90 , ASCE, 121-139.

Filz, G.M., Henry, L.B., Heslin, G.M., and Davidson, R.R. (1991). Determining hydraulic conductivity of soil-bentonite using the API filter press. ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol. 24, No. 1, 61-71.

Filz, G. M., Evans, J. C. and Britton, J. P., “Soil-Bentonite Hydraulic Conductivity: Measurement and Variability, Proceedings of the 12 th PanAmerican Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, VGE, Essen, Germany, pp. 1323-1328, June, 2003.

Foose, G.J., Benson, C.H., and Edil, T.B. (2002). Comparison of solute transport in three composite liners. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 128, No. 5, 391-403.

Gray, D. H. (1995). Containment strategies for landfill wastes. Geoenvironment 2000, Y. B. Acar and D. E. Daniel, eds., ASCE, Reston, VA , 484-498.

Henning, J., Evans, J. C. and Shackelford, C. D. (2006). Membrane behavior of soil-bentonite slurry trench cutoff wall backfill. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 132, No. 10, 1243-1249.

Hewitt, R.D. and Daniel, D.E. (1997). Hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners after freeze-thaw. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 123, No. 4, 305-313.

Inyang, H.I. and Galvao, T.C. (2004). The application of innovative materials in waste containment barriers. J. Geotech. Geoenv. Eng., ASCE, 130(8), 834-835.

Jazdanian, A. D., Reddy, D. R., Gonzalez, J. V., and Ala , R. (2004). Evaluation of different slurry wall materials for contaminant wall construction at a dense nonaqueous phase liquid-contaminated site. ASCE Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management, Vol. 8, No. 3, 173-180.

Jo, H.Y., Benson, C.H., Shackelford, C.D., Lee, J-M, and Edil, T.B. (2005). Long-term hydraulic conductivity of a geosynthetic clay liner permeated with inorganic salt solutions. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 131, No. 4, 405-417.

Khandelwal, A.A., Rabideau, A.J., and Su, J. (1997). One-dimensional contaminant transport model for the design of soil-bentonite slurry walls. Land Contamination and Reclamation, Vol. 5, No. 3, 143-147.

Kolstad, D.C., Benson, C.H., and Edil, T.B. (2004). Hydraulic conductivity and swell of nonprehydrated geosynthetic clay liners permeated with multispecies inorganic solutions. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 130, No. 12, 1236-1249.

Kovacs, W. D., Griffith, A. H., and Evans, J. C., "An Alternative to the Cathead and Rope for the Standard Penetration Test," Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Volume 1, Number 2, June, 1978, pp. 71- 89.

Kraus, J.F., Benson, C.H., Erickson, A.E., and Chamberlain, E.J. (1997). Freeze-thaw cycling and hydraulic conductivity of bentonitic barriers. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 123, No. 3, 229-238.

Krol, M.M. and Rowe, R.K. (2004). Diffusion of TCE through soil-bentonite slurry walls. Soil and Sediment Contamination, Vol. 13, 81-101.

LaGrega M.L., Buckingham, P.L., and Evans, J.C. (2000). Hazardous Waste Management, 2 nd Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York , NY.

Larsson, S. (2005). State of practice report - execution, monitoring and quality control. International Conference on Deep Mixing. Best Practice and Recent Advances. Deep Mixing ´05, Stockholm, Sweden, May 23-25.

Lin, L.C. and Benson, C.H. (2000). Effect of wet-dry cyclic swelling on hydraulic conductivity of GCLs. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 126, No. 1, 40-49.

Lo, I.M.-C. (2001). Organoclay with soil-bentonite admixture as waste containment barriers. Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 127, No. 8, 756-759.

Lo, I.M.-C., Liljestrand, H.M., and Daniel, D.E. (1994). Hydraulic conductivity and adsorption parameters for pollutant transport through montmorillonite clay liner materials. Hydraulic Conductivity and Waste Contaminant Transport in Soil, ASTM STP 1142, D. E. Daniel and S. J. Trautwein, eds., ASTM, West Conshohoken, PA, 422-438.

Malusis, M. A. and Shackelford, C. D. (2002a). Chemico-osmotic efficiency of a geosynthetic clay liner. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 128, No. 2, 97-106.

Malusis, M. A. and Shackelford, C. D. (2002b). Coupling effects during steady-state solute diffusion through a semipermeable clay membrane. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 36, No. 6, 1312-1319.

Malusis, M. A. and Shackelford, C. D. (2004). Explicit and implicit coupling during solute transport through clay membrane barriers. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, Elsevier, Amsterdam , Vol. 72, Nos. 1-4, 259-285.

Marine, I. W., and Fritz, S. J. (1981). Osmotic model to explain anomalous hydraulic heads. Water Resources Research, Vol. 17, No. 1, 73-82.

McKelvey, J. G. and Milne, I. H. (1962). The flow of salt solutions through compacted clay. Proceedings, Ninth National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals, Lafayette, Indiana, Oct. 5-8, 1960, Pergamon Press, New York, 248-259.

Mitchell, J. K. and Soga, K. (2005). Fundamentals of Soil Behavior, 3 rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York.

National Academies, Assessing the Performance of Surface and Subsurface Engineered Barriers, http://www8.nationalacademies.org/cp/projectview.phpx?key=179

Olsen, H. W. (1969). Simultaneous fluxes of liquid and charge in saturated kaolinite. Soil Science Society of America, Proceedings, Vol. 33, 338-344.

Olsen, H. W., Yearsley, E. N., and Nelson, K. R. (1990). Chemico-osmosis versus diffusion-osmosis. Transportation Research Record No. 1288, Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., 15-22.

Opdyke, S.M. and Evans, J.C. (2005). Slag-cement-bentonite slurry walls. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 131, No. 6, 673-681.

Park, J. K., Kim, J. Y., and Edil, T. B. (1996). Mitigation of organic compound movement in landfills by shredded tires. Water Environment. Research, Vol. 68, No. 1, 4-10.

Park, J. K., Kim, J. Y., Madsen, C. D., and Edil, T. B. (1997). Retardation of volatile organic compound movement by a soil-bentonite slurry cutoff wall amended with ground tires. Water Environment. Research, Vol. 69, No. 5, 1022-1031.

Petrov, R.J., Rowe, R.K., and Quigley, R.M. (1997). Selected factors influencing GCL hydraulic conductivity. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 123, No. 8, 683-695.

Podgorney, R.K. and Bennett, J.E. (2006). Evaluating the long-term performance of geosynthetic clay liners exposed to freeze-thaw. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 132, No. 2, 265-268.

Prince, M. J. and Evans, J. C., "Adsorptive Additives to Improve the Performance of Slurry Trench Cut-off Walls," Toxic and Hazardous Wastes: Proceedings of the Thirtieth Mid-Atlantic Industrial Waste Conference, Villanova University, Technomic Publishing Co., Lancaster, PA, July, 1998, pp. 712-721.

Prince. M. J., Maneval, J. E, and Evans, J. C. “Analysis of Boundary Conditions for Contaminant Transport through Adsorptive, Low-Permeability Slurry trench Cutoff Walls,” ASCE Specialty Conference, GeoDenver 2000, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication, August, 2000.

Ryan, C.R. (1987). Vertical barriers in soil for pollution containment. Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal '87, Geotechnical Special Publication No. 13, R. Woods, ed., Reston, VA, ASCE, 182-204

Saindon, R. and Whitworth, T.M. (2005). Hyperfiltration of NaCl solutions using a simulated clay/sand mixture at low compaction pressures. Aquatic Geochemistry, Vol. 11, 433-444.

Shackelford, C.D. (1990). Transit-time design of earthen barriers. Engineering Geology, Elsevier, Vol. 29, 79-94.

Shackelford, C.D. (1994). Waste-soil interactions that alter hydraulic conductivity. ASTM STP 1142, Hydraulic Conductivity and Waste Contaminant Transport in Soil, D.E. Daniel and S.J. Trautwein, eds., 111-168.

Shackelford, C. D. (1999). Reactive nature of passive containment barriers. Proceedings, 14th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Balkema, Rotterdam , Vol. 4, 2535-2536.

Shackelford, C.D. and Javed, F. (1991). Large-scale permeability testing of a compacted clay soil. ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol. 14, No. 2, 171-179.

Shackelford, C. D. and Jefferis, S. A. (2000). Geoenvironmental engineering for in situ remediation, International Conference on Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (GeoEng2000), Melbourne, Australia, Nov. 19-24, Technomic Publ. Co., Inc., Lancaster, PA, Vol. 1, 121-185.

Sharma, R.S. (2003). Influence of wetting-drying cycle on subsequent loading behavior of an unsaturated expansive clay. 12 th Pan-American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 557-562.

Southen, J.M. and Rowe, R.K. (2005). Laboratory investigation of geosynthetic clay liner desiccation in a composite liner subjected to thermal gradients. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 131, No. 7, 925-935.

Smith, J.A., Li, J., and Galan, A. (1995). Organobentonites as components of earthen landfill liners to minimize contaminant transport. Geoenvironment 2000, Geotechnical Specialty Publication No. 46, Y. B. Acar and D. E. Daniel, eds., ASCE, Reston, VA, 806-814.

Stern, R.T. and Shackelford, C. D. (1998). Permeability of sand-processed clay mixtures with calcium chloride solutions. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 124, No. 3, pp. 121-131.

Thornton, S. F. et al. (1993). The role of attenuation in landfill liners. Proceedings, Fourth International Landfill Symposium, Sardinia , Italy , Oct. 11-15, 1993, CISA, Environmental Engineering Sanitary Centre, Cagliari , Italy , 407-416.

Wheeler, S.J., Sharma, R.S., and Bussein, M.S.R. (2003). Coupling hydraulic hysteresis and stress-strain behavior in unsaturated soils. Geotechnique, Vol. 53, No. 1, 41-54.

Yeo, S.-S., Shackelford, C. D., and Evans. J. C. (2005), ”Consolidation and Hydraulic Conductivity of Nine Model Soil-Bentonite Backfill,” ASCE J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 131, No. 10, pp. 1189-1198.

Yeo, S.-S., Shackelford, C. D., and Evans. J. C. (2005), ”Membrane Behavior of Model Soil-Bentonite Backfill Mixtures,” ASCE J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 131, No. 4, pp. 418-429.

Learn More about Permeable Reactive Barrier Construction

Call Us Today